= action by which human perform the mourning ritual for someone who has died, or for another tragic event; this may include wailing, tearing one's clothes, putting on sackcloth, covering oneself with dust or ashes, fasting or eating specific food, cutting oneself, shaving one's head, covering part of one's face, etc.; this usually takes place during a specific period of time and ends after the burial has taken place, but it may also be repeated in later days to commemorate a tragic event