= a tall grass with stiff, sharply-pointed leaves and a plume-like flower head that reaches to more than 2 m; it grows in lakes and streams, the roots creeping across the bottom of the lake to produce new leaves and stalks; or on riverbanks; Phragmites australis (Common reed) or Arundo donax (Giant reed); used for baskets, mats, flutes, pens, arrows, and roof-coverings; symbol of weakness and undependability, but also flexibility

meaning unsure; either: (1) = type of grass that grows in clumps to more than a meter high and has stiff leaves like sword grass and has a sweet smell; Cymbopogon; oil is extracted by boiling and distilling the leaves; used in the oil for anointing priests; or (2) = a type of reed with stiff leaves, distinguished by its green flower head that grows on a stalk to about 50 cm high; Acorus calamus or Calamus; the scented leaves and more strongly scented tubers have traditionally been used medicinally and to make fragrances, and the dried and powdered tubers have been used as a substitute for ginger, cinnamon and nutmeg

= reed used as a linear measure of six royal cubits, i.e. of 3.1 meters

= contraption consisting of rod held by a cord in the middle and with pans attached to both ends; used for weighing objects

= stalk on which the ears of grain grow

= curved branch or arm; springing from the shaft of a golden lampstand; location for oil lamp

exact meaning unsure: = upper part of the arm or shoulder